: for the deity IB/URA, CTH 615 AN.DA.UMSAR, days 2225: for Itar of attarina, CTH 616 AN.DA.UMSAR, day 29: for Ea and his circle, CTH 617 AN.DA.UMSAR, day 32: for the protective deity of Tauri, CTH 618 AN.DA.UMSAR, day 3334: on Mt. Hittite preserves some very archaic features lost in other Indo-European languages. concerning augamuwa of Amurru, CTH 116 Edict of Tutaliya IV? C Krysze, Adam. Transliterating cuneiform means writing the signs in our alphabet. For each English word, base forms having that word in their general meanings are shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the . In that respect, Hittite is unlike any other attested Indo-European language and so the discovery of laryngeals in Hittite was a remarkable confirmation of Saussure's hypothesis. A Grammar of the Hittite Language. The word cuneiform comes from a Latin word cuneus, meaning "wedge-shaped." That's because, though the symbols were initially pictograms, they soon became quite stylized and are indeed made up of varying arrangements of lines and triangles or wedges. The project, named "3D Scanning of Cuneiform Tablets in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations and Reading Boazky Tablets with AI," is also supported by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Ankara University, and the Cultural Heritage . Level I.1: grammatical exercises and small phrases in cuneiform writing and in translation. It will be amended when new Hittite resources become available. to the Hittite language. Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform. K Cuneiform is one of the earliest forms of writing, first appearing in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) around 3000 BC. G Use the full quote request form. D Later Anatolian languages such as Lydian and Lycian are attested in former Hittite territory. However, it is not an exact translation of this book. Sturtevant, Edgar H. A., & George Bechtel (1935). The Hittite texts are provided as exercises to put into practice your knowledge of Hittite gained by reading the grammar. In context translations English - Cuneiform Luwian, translated sentences Hittite Training Instructions for Chariot Horses in the Second Half of the 2nd Millennium B.C. Cuneiform writing was gradually replaced by the Phoenician alphabet during the Neo-Assyrian Empire. We can work with any budget to get you a guaranteed translation quickly and accurately! In this video, Irving Finkel, curator in the Department of the Middle East, teaches us how to write cuneiform using just a lolly (popsicle) stick and some clay. Glossaries . Supporters of a length distinction usually point the fact that Akkadian, the language from which the Hittites borrowed the cuneiform script, had voicing, but Hittite scribes used voiced and voiceless signs interchangeably. It came into English usage probably from the Old French cuniforme. Rose (2006) lists 132 hi verbs and interprets the hi/mi oppositions as vestiges of a system of grammatical voice ("centripetal voice" vs. "centrifugal voice"). Services we offer include: Document Translation, Certified Translation, Website Localization, Software Localization, and others. Ashurbanipal might have been a fearsome warrior but he was also a gardener! Z. Lexique hittite: Hittite-French dictionary, by Olivier Lauffenburger. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [citation needed]. About half of the signs have syllabic values, the remaining are used as ideograms or logograms to represent the entire wordmuch as the characters "$", "%" and "&" are used in contemporary English. S Therefore, if you find a cuneiform tablet, it may or may not be in Sumerian. Online Old Persian keyboard to type a text with the cuneiforms origin to words with impeccable Hittite phonology and morphology merely on the basis of the Glossenkeil. in URUa-at-tu-a (); the URU is a determiner marking the name of a city, and the pronunciation is simply /hattusa/. against the Hurrians, CTH 16 Legendary accounts of the Hurrian wars, CTH 17 Fragments referring to the Hurrian wars, CTH 19 Edict of Telipinu (.I Akkadian .II Hittite), CTH 20 Campaign of Telipinu against Laa, CTH 21 Treaty of Telipinu with Iputau of Kizzuwatna (.I Akkadian .II Hittite), CTH 25 Treaty of Zidanza II with Pilliya of Kizzuwatna, CTH 26 Treaty of a Hittite king with Paddatiu of Kizzuwatna, CTH 29 Treaty of Taurwaili with Eeya of Kizzuwatna, CTH 41 Treaty of Tutaliya I with unaura of Kizzuwatna (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 42 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with ukkana of ayaa, CTH 44 Edict of uppiluliuma concerning the priesthood of Telipinu in the land of Kizzuwatna, CTH 45 Letter of uppiluliuma I to Niqmaddu II of Ugarit, CTH 46 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with Niqmaddu II of Ugarit, CTH 47 Decree of uppiluliuma I setting the tribute of Ugarit (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 48 Inventory of the tribute of Ugarit to uppiluliuma I, CTH 49 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with Aziru of Amurru (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 50 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with arri-Kuu of Karkami, CTH 51 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with attiwaza of Mitanni (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 52 Treaty of attiwaza of Mitanni with uppiluliuma I (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 53 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with Tette of Nuae, CTH 54 Treaty between Niqmaddu II of Ugarit and Aziru of Amurru, CTH 55 Oracle mentioning ukkana of Azzi, CTH 57 Decree of Murili II concerning the recognition of the status of his brother Piyaili/arri-Kuu in Karkami, CTH 58 Report of Arnuwanda II of the deeds of his father uppiluliuma I, CTH 61 Annals of Murili II (.I Ten-year annals, .II Extensive annals, .III unclassified fragments), CTH 62 Treaty of Murili II with Duppi-Teup of Amurru (.I Akkadian .II Hittite), CTH 63 Arbitration concerning a border conflict between Nuae and Barga as well as an agreement with Duppi-Teup of Amurru, CTH 64 Edict of Murili II concerning the border between Ugarit and Muki, CTH 65 Edict of Murili II concerning a conflict between Ugarit and iyannu, CTH 66 Treaty of Murili II with Niqmepa of Ugarit, CTH 67 Treaty of Murili II with Targanalli of apalla, CTH 68 Treaty of Murili II with Kupanta-Kurunta of Mira and Kuwaliya, CTH 69 Treaty of Murili II with Manapa-Tarunta of a, CTH 70 Prayer of Mursili II concerning the affair of Tawannanna (the widow of uppiluliuma I) and her banishment, CTH 72 Report of Murili II about the dispute with Egypt in Syria with a prayer to the assembly of gods, CTH 75 Treaty of Muwattalli II with Talmi-arruma of Aleppo, CTH 76 Treaty of Muwattalli II with Alakandu of Wilua, CTH 77 Letter of arri-Kuu of Karkami to Niqmaddu II of Ugarit, CTH 79 Memorandum concerning Murili III, CTH 83 Report of attuili III on the campaigns of uppiluliuma I, CTH 84 Report of the deeds of uppiluliuma I and Murili II, CTH 85 Conflict between Murili III (Uri-Teup) and attuili III, CTH 86 Edict of attuili III concerning the estate of Arma-Tarunta, CTH 87 Decree of attuili III in favor of the sons of Mittannamuwa, CTH 88 Decree of attuili III regarding the exemption of the ekur, CTH 89 Decree of attuili III concerning the people of Tiliura, CTH 90 Edict of attuili III regarding the Restoration of Nerik, CTH 91 Treaty of attuili III with Ramses II of Egypt, CTH 92 Treaty of attuili III with Benteina of Amurru, CTH 93 Edict of attuili III concerning the merchants of Ura, CTH 94 Edict of attuili III concerning the fugitives from Ugarit, CTH 95 Edict of Puduepa concerning a shipwreck in Ugarit, CTH 96 Declaration of Kurunta of Taruntaa, CTH 98 Letter? In Glosbe you can check not only English or Hittite translations. Enable autotext On the Word menu, select Preferences and then AutoCorrect . It is a highly cost-effective investment and an easy way to expand your business! A He also presented a set of regular sound correspondences. Save it as "document template" with the extension .dotx. Conversely, many words of Luvian origin are not marked with the Glossenkeil in Hittite contexts. Official languagein: 67 countries 27 non-sovereign entities Various organisations United Nations European Union Commonwealth of Nations Council of Europe ICC IMF IOC ISO NATO WTO NAFTA OAS OECD OIC OPEC GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development PIF UKUSA Agreement ASEAN ASEAN Economic Community SAARC CARICOM Turkic Council ECO. What is presented below is Old Akkadian cuneiform, so most of the characters shown here are not, in fact, those used in Hittite texts. In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Hittite coming from various sources. The Flood Tablet. Ugaritic. 2, 2020, pp. Hittite thus preserved archaisms that would be lost in the other Indo-European languages.[15]. The Hittite Law Code, dating from about the 14th century bc, reflects the Hittite's closed rural economy and feudal aristocracy. CTH 657 Cultic Trip from attua to Ankuwa, CTH 659 Fragments of an enthronement festival, CTH 663 Offerings with deity names at the beginning of the line, CTH 664 Fragments of divine lists (festivals? Cuneiform is an ancient system of writing. CTH 562 Oracle itineraries in the Kaska region . Thus, the sign GI can be used (and transcribed) in three ways, as the Hittite syllable gi (also ge); in the Akkadian spelling Q-RU-UB of the preposition "near" as Q, and as the Sumerian ideogram GI for "tube" also in superscript, GI, when used as a determiner. Scholar. [3] After the collapse of the Hittite New Kingdom during the more general Late Bronze Age collapse, Luwian emerged in the Early Iron Age as the main language of the so-called Syro-Hittite states, in southwestern Anatolia and northern Syria. Goetze, Albrecht & Edgar H. Sturtevant (1938). Learn Hittite Cuneiform online. Written records of Hittite date from between the 16th and 13th centuries BC, and it is the earliest Indo-European to appear in writing. Hittite cuneiform is an adaptation of the Old Assyrian cuneiform of c. 1800 BC to the Hittite language. Hethitologie Portal Mainz, Silvin Koak, Konkordanz der hethitischen Keilschrifttafeln, On-Line Datenbank, Massimiliano Marazzi, Natalia Bolatti Guzzo con la collaborazione di Rita Francia e Paola Dardano, Kritische Bibliographie der Lexikographie des hethitischen, Massimiliano Marazzi, con la collaborazione di Natalia Bolatti Guzzo e Andrea Intilia, Hethitische Bibliographie. with Tunip, CTH 136 Treaty of uppiluliuma I with Muki. But what actually was it? . When the cuneiform script was adapted to writing Hittite, a layer of Akkadian logographic spellings was added to the script, with the result that we no longer know the pronunciations of many Hittite words conventionally written by logograms. Translations from dictionary English - Hittite, definitions, grammar In Glosbe you will find translations from English into Hittite coming from various sources. Accordingly, scholars have surmised that Hittite possessed the following phonemes: Hittite had two series of consonants, one which was written always geminate in the original script, and another that was always simple. Our Hittite translation team has many experienced document translators who specialize in translating many different types of documents including birth and death certificates, marriage certificates and divorce decrees, diplomas and transcripts, and any other Hittite document you may need translated. Now, the Hittites' texts, which were written in cuneiform, are being made fully accessible online. It was used for writing in the Empire of Hattusa and the Neo-Hittite states, which arose after its collapse (appr. N The closely related Luwian language was also in use in the Hittite empire, as a monumental language. Our translation team consists of many expert and experienced Hittite translators. Hittite is the oldest attested Indo-European language,[20] yet it lacks several grammatical features that are exhibited by other early-attested Indo-European languages such as Vedic, Classical Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Persian and Old Avestan. Learn more about this ancient script with cuneiform, written by Irving Finkel and Jonathan Taylor and published by British Museum Press. P The first phase of the project, which was initiated to read, scan and digitize the Hittite cuneiform tablets in the inventory of the Ankara Anatolian Civilizations Museum, the Istanbul . I When the cuneiform script was adapted to writing Hittite, a layer of Akkadian logographic spellings was added to the script, thus the pronunciations of many Hittite words which were conventionally written by logograms are now unknown. Hittite is one of the Anatolian languages and is known from cuneiform tablets and inscriptions that were erected by the Hittite kings. A labyrinth of underground tunnels was found housing 5 great libraries, in which 30,000 clay tablets had been carefully catalogued and stored. The Chicago Hittite Dictionary Hoffner, Harry A.; Melchert, H. Craig (2008). Take a closer look at the great Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. The Old Kingdom (1700-1500 BCE); The New Kingdom, also known as the Hittite Empire (1400-1200 BCE); There is an interregnum between these two which, to those who accept that version of history, is known as the Middle Kingdom.The discrepancy between those scholars who recognize a Middle Kingdom and those who . The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). When you copy and paste unless you have the font installed locally on your system, it won't look the same. Associated names In one case, the label is Kanisumnili, "in the [speech] of the people of Kane". A picture is worth more than a thousand words. O This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. See #Classification above for more details. Their Indo-Hittite hypothesis is that the parent language (Indo-Hittite) lacked the features that are absent in Hittite as well, and that Proto-Indo-European later innovated them. Ziwana; see CTH 526530), CTH 509 unassigned (formerly Cult inventories of Storm-gods; see CTH 526530), CTH 510 unassigned (formerly Cult inventories of local festivals; see CTH 526530), CTH 511 unassigned (formerly List of Stelae (NAZI.KIN); see CTH 526530), CTH 512 unassigned (formerly Furnishings of the Sun-goddess of Arinna; see CTH 526530), CTH 513 unassigned (formerly nventory of metal objects with the name of Murili II; see CTH 526530), CTH 514 unassigned (formerly Description of the deity Pirwa; see CTH 526530), CTH 515 unassigned (formerly Description of the goddess Titiwatti/Tittiutti; see CTH 526530), CTH 516 unassigned (formerly Description of Sulinkatte, god of Tamarmara; see CTH 526530), CTH 517 unassigned (formerly Protective deity of Karahna; see CTH 526530), CTH 518 unassigned (formerly Cult of Pirwa: inventory; see CTH 526530), CTH 519 unassigned (formerly Goddess of the Night of Parnaa; see CTH 526530), CTH 520 unassigned (formerly Goddess MUNUS.LUGAL; see CTH 526530), CTH 521 unassigned (formerly Descriptions of images of deities; see CTH 526530), CTH 522 unassigned (formerly Fragments of descriptions of images of deities and various objects; see CTH 526530), CTH 523 Provisions (melqtu) for local festivals, CTH 524 unassigned (formerly Cult of Nerik; see CTH 526530), CTH 525 unassigned (formerly Inventory of sanctuaries by Tudaliya IV; see CTH 526530), CTH 526 Cult inventories with descriptions of festivals and cult images, CTH 527 Cult inventories with descriptions of cult images, CTH 528 Cult inventories with descriptions of festivals, CTH 529 Cult inventories without descriptions of festivals or cult images, CTH 530 Fragments of cult inventories without descriptions of festivals or cult images, CTH 531 Hittite introduction to Enma Anu Enlil, CTH 532 Lunar eclipse (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 534 Solar omens (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 536 Terrestrial omens (series umma lu), CTH 537 Medical omens (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 538 Birth omens (umma izbu) (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 540 Series If a woman gives birth (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 545 Birth omens (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 547 Liver models (.I Akkadian, .II Akkadian and Hittite), CTH 549 Liveromens: position (KI.GUB) (.a Akkadian, b. Akkadian-Hittite, c. Hittite), CTH 551 Entrail omens: coils of the instestines (trnu), CTH 553 Liver omens: well-being (ulmu), CTH 555 Liver omens: palace gate (bb ekalli), CTH 556 Fragments of Akkadian liver omens, CTH 557 Hittite ornithomantic instructions, CTH 560 Fragments of Hittite and Akkadian omens (.I Akkadian, .II Hittite), CTH 561 Oracles concerning the king's campaigns in the Kaska region, CTH 562 Oracle itineraries in the Kaska region, CTH 563 Oracles concering the overwintering of the king, CTH 564 Oracles concering the festivals of the god of Aleppo, CTH 565 Oracles concering the cult of the deity Pirwa, CTH 566 Oracles concering the cult of the deity of Aruna, CTH 567 Oracles concering the cult of Itar of Nineveh, CTH 568 Oracles concering the celebration of various festivals, CTH 569 Oracles concering Arma-Tarunta und augatti, CTH 571 Liver (SU) oracles with unabbreviated terms, CTH 577 Combined oracles I: SU, KIN and MUEN, CTH 579 Combined oracles III: SU and MUEN, CTH 580 Combined oracles IV: KIN and MUEN, CTH 586 Donation of fields and personnel, CTH 590 Fragments of dream and vow texts, CTH 598 Winter festival for the Sun-goddess of Arinna, CTH 599 Journey of the sacred hunting bag in winter, CTH 610 AN.DA.UMSAR, days 1213: temple of Ziparwa; Sun-goddess of the earth, CTH 612 AN.DA.UMSAR, day 16: temple of Zababa, CTH 613 AN.DA.UMSAR, days 1819: for the Storm-god of lightning, CTH 614 AN.DA.UMSAR, day 21? Originating in what is now Iraq before 3,200 BC, cuneiform script is, as far as we know, the oldest form of writing in the world. Copyright 19982023 Simon Ager | Email: | Hosted by Kualo, http://historicconnections.webs.com/biblicalarchaeology.htm, http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/hitol-0-X.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittite_language. 2, pp. You will find better resources for these languages on other sites such as The Sumerian Language Page or The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary. The signs can be divided into phonograms, logograms and determinatives. Please enable JavaScript in your web browser to get the best experience. According to the results of the testing, the AI's success rate was 75.66%. [16][17], In a 2019 work, Hittitologist Alwin Kloekhorst recognizes two dialectal variants of Hittite: one he calls "Kaniite Hittite", and a second he named "attua Hittite" (or Hittite proper). When the translation part is completed, the cuneatic clay tablets will be put on display for the public in the Hittite Digital Library scheduled to open soon. But it wasn't an easy road to get to today, where we have over 50 English Bible translations . The ergative case is used when an inanimate noun is the subject of a transitive verb. Hittite Online Hittite: English Meaning Index. This language was written in a script known as cuneiform, which was later adapted by other languages that emerged in Mesopotamia and its neighboring regions, including Akkadian, Elamite, and Hittite. 1 See BRUGSCH, Geographische Inschriften, Vol. The Hittites used cuneiform signs to write on wet clay tablets and baked them to be permanent and. We also need to hear what the phrase or sentence sounds like. It was first used in Sumer in the late 4th millennium BC (the 'Uruk IV' period). ), CTH 665 Festival fragments referring to the aua(tal)la- men -, CTH 671 Offering and prayer to the Storm-god of Nerik, CTH 673 Tablet of forgiveness of the deities of Nerik, CTH 674 Fragments of the purulliya- festival of Nerik, CTH 675 Fragments of the festival in the eta- house, CTH 676 Fragments of a purifications ritual in Nerik, CTH 678 Festival fragments concerning the cult of Nerik, E. THE CULT OF THE PROTECTIVE DEITY (DKAL), CTH 682 Festival for the protective deities, CTH 683 Renewal of the hunting bag for the protective deities, CTH 684 Festival for the protective deities of the river, CTH 685 Fragments of festivals for the protective deities, CTH 690 List of festivals for uwaanna, CTH 692 Fragents of the wita(ij)a festival, CTH 694 Fragments of festivals for uwaanna, CTH 698 Cults of Teup and ebat of Aleppo, CTH 699 Festival for Teup and ebat of Lawazantiya, CTH 700 Enthronement ritual for Teup and ebat, CTH 701 Drink offering for the throne of ebat, CTH 702 Ritual after the renewal of a temple of ebat, CTH 703 Rituals of Muwalanni, priest of Kummanni, for Teup of Manuzziya, CTH 704 Lists of Hurrian Gods in festivals, CTH 705 Lists of Hurrian Gods in festivals, CTH 706 Fragments of festivals for Teup and ebat, CTH 711 Autumn festival for Itar of amua, CTH 715 Winter festival for Itar of Nineveh, CTH 718 Ritual for Itar-Pirinkir with recitations in Babylonian (pabilili), CTH 719 Festival for Itar, Hu(r)dumana, Aruna, CTH 720 Fragments of festivals for Itar, CTH 722 Festival for the Great Sea and the tarmana- Sea, CTH 725 Hattian-Hittite ritual for the consecration of a temple, CTH 726 Hattian-Hittite foundation ritual, CTH 727 Hattian-Hittite myth: The moon that fell from heaven, CTH 728 Hattian-Hittite bilingual incantation, CTH 729 Hattian-Hittite bilingual incantation, CTH 730 Hattian incantation of the moon and wind, CTH 733 nvocation of Hattian deities: language of gods, language of men, CTH 734 Fragments of Hattian rituals or incantations, CTH 736 Song of the zintui-women for the Sun-goddess, CTH 737 Festivals of Nerik (with Hattian recitations), CTH 738 Festival for the goddess Teteshapi, CTH 739 Festivals of the city of Tuhumiyara, CTH 741 Hattian songs of the women of Tissaruliya, CTH 744 Festival fragments with Hattian recitations, CTH 751 Festival for the Palaic pantheon bread-, meat- and drink-offerings in Palaic, CTH 752 Festival for the Palaic pantheon ritual for the disappearing and returning deity, CTH 756 mugawar for the Storm-god of Zippalanda, CTH 757 Ritual of Zarpiya from Kizzuwatna against pest, CTH 758 Ritual of Puriyanni against impurity of a house, CTH 760 MUNUSU.GI rituals (.I Ritual of Tunnawiya, .II Ritual of Kuwatalla), CTH 761 The great ritual (alli aniur), CTH 763 Fragments of Hittite rituals with Luwianisms, CTH 764 Magic and myth: the neglected deity, CTH 765 Luwian incantations against illness, CTH 767 Incantation fragments with Luwianisms, CTH 771 Tablet of Lallupiya (with Luwianisms), CTH 775 Historical-mythological Hurrian texts, CTH 777 Washing of the mouth ritual (idgai-, itkalzi-) -, CTH 778 Fragments of the washing of the mouth ritual referring to Tamiarri and Taduepa, CTH 781 Fragments of the ritual of Allaiturai, CTH 782 Ritual of the goddess Iara against perjury, CTH 784 Hurrian ritual for the royal couple, CTH 790 Fragments of Hittite-Hurrian rituals and incantations, CTH 794 Sumerian-Akkadian Hymn and Prayer. Note: all links on this site to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.fr are affiliate links. The remaining job consists in reviewing the present text and improving some unclear passages. Summary: Bible translation began early in the Christian era as part of the way to fulfill the Great Commission. In fact, Translation Services USA is the only agency in the market which can fully translate Hittite to literally any language in the world! Hittite cuneiform is an adaptation of the Old Assyrian cuneiform of c. 1800 B.C.E. 2020.05.06 | By H. Craig Melchert A consideration of the possible modalities by which a Mycenaean-Hittite diplomatic correspondence might have been carried out, beginning with a review of established facts, well-founded hypotheses, and speculations informed by a close look at the well-known text KUB 26.91, the "Ahhiyawa" letter. ), CTH 126 Historical fragments referring to uppiluliuma II, CTH 127 Letter about years of famine and deliveries of grain, CTH 133 Treaty of Arnuwanda I with the Imerigaeans, CTH 135 Treaty of Tutaliya I? The Hittite lexicon can be considered complete. Glosbe dictionaries are unique. Sumerograms proper on the other hand are ideograms intended to be pronounced in Hittite. Elamite, Hittite was written with a cuneiform script adapted from a version of Akkadian cuneiform from northern Syria and was deciphered during the early 20th century mainly by Bedich Hrozn, with contributions by Jrgen Alexander Knudtzon, and Hugo Winckler, who discovered many tablets written in Hittite at the village of Boazky in Turkey. The mi-conjugation is similar to the general verbal conjugation paradigm in Sanskrit and can also be compared to the class of mi-verbs in Ancient Greek. Theref. In Hittite, the phoneme is written as . Hittite is the oldest recorded Indo-European language, but it had remained completely unknown during the period in which Indo-European linguistics developed because its records are on clay tablets that were excavated only at the end of the 19th century. [1] The language, now long extinct, is attested in cuneiform, in records dating from the 17th[2] (Anitta text) to the 13th centuries BCE, with isolated Hittite loanwords and numerous personal names appearing in an Old Assyrian context from as early as the 20th century BCE, making it the earliest-attested use of the Indo-European languages.
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