[35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic and an oligarchy. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. What Countries Have a Totalitarian Government Today? - Reference.com 1. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. List Of Dictatorship Countries? - The Divine Writer [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. " This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. Equatorial Guinea. Types. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. List of Famous Dictators - Biographies, Timelines, Trivia & Life History [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. Rwanda - 1994 to present - Paul Kagame. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. What is a Dictatorship? Examples and Characteristics - Study.com 8. Military dictatorship - McGill University [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Dictatorship Countries 2022 - World Populace 15 worst dictators of 20th century and their horrific massacres Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com President Obiang gained power in 1979 after ousting his uncle, Francisco Macas Nguema, and sentencing him to death by firing squad. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. 10 African countries That are currently ruled by dictators. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. Albania - Communist Regime 3. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "EIU Democracy Index 2020 - World Democracy Report", "5. Examples of Fascism. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. A List of Female Dictators - Daily Kos Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Democracy-Dictatorship Index - Wikipedia There must be more than one party competing in the elections. 1. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. Italy's Mussolini. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Military dictatorship | Military Wiki | Fandom But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. Military dictatorship: 2. Abstract. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. #SOSCuba. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people.
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