A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Verse 11. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Dethroned by Utpalaka's rival Mamma and the latter's son Yashovarman. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. In the legacy of Sanskrit, Kashmir and Kerala can be said to have a unique fellowship of literary creativity, with icons like Bilhana and Somadeva in Kashmir and Shankara and Narayana Bhattathiri in Kerala. 23 February 2011. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate - MCQ Books The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. . ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . It does not store any personal data. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. (I.191) He belonged to. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Request Permissions. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Who among the following is associated with translation of Rajatarangini He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of He subdued several enemies. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars 0 0 Similar questions sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). In 1380 C.E. [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. epic poem The Loharas ruled for many generations. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. [31] Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review Zain-ul-Abidin - Wikipedia Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. [6], No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Feature Flags: { The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). Nephew of Didda. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana.
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