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Once there are no visible signs of water film on the aggregate particle surfaces, determine the sample mass. The bulk mass density of soil is defined as the ratio of total mass to total volume. Ans: Because at 4C the unit weight of water is 1. emax = void ratio of the soil at its loosest condition s = Density of Soil = 11. Stop when the cap of the barrel is flush with the soil surface. Soil density is relatively simple and cheap to measure. The coarse aggregate specific gravity test measures coarse aggregate weight under three different sample conditions: Using these three weights and their relationships, a samples apparent specific gravity, bulk specific gravity and bulk SSD specific gravity as well as absorption can be calculated. Take an average of 3 values these values should not vary by more than 2 to 3%. $\gamma = \dfrac{W}{V}$, $\gamma = \dfrac{\gamma_w V_w + \gamma_s V_s}{V_v + V_s}$, $\gamma = \dfrac{\gamma_w V_w + G \gamma_w V_s}{V_v + V_s}$, $\gamma = \dfrac{V_w + G V_s}{V_v + V_s}\gamma_w$, $\gamma = \dfrac{S V_v + G V_s}{V_v + V_s}\gamma_w$, $\gamma = \dfrac{S (V_v/V_s) + G (V_s/V_s)}{(V_v/V_s) + (V_s/V_s)}\gamma_w$, Moist unit weight in terms of dry density and moisture content Android (Paid)https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator It is similar in nature to the fine aggregate specific gravity test. Read More: Water Content of Soil Test Procedure, Result & Report, Specific Gravity Test of Soil IS Code: IS 2720-3-2 (1980). What are the sizes of macropores and micropores? A soil sample has a dry density of 8.5 kN/m 3, specific gravity of solids G as 2.7 and voids ratio of 0.6. This implies that; m = Mass of the Soil = 24 V = Volume of the Soil = 6 s b = m / V s b = 24 / 6 s b = 4 The specific gravity of soil is determined using the relation: Where M 1 =mass of empty Pycnometer, M 2 = mass of the Pycnometer with dry soil M 3 = mass of the Pycnometer and soil and water, M 4 = mass of Pycnometer filled with water only. Gently stir soil/water mixture to remove any air bubbles. Wash the aggregate retained on the No. Bulk density is a commonly measured soil property by agriculturalists and engineers. Upon completion of this laboratory exercise students should be able to directly measure bulk density and particle density using the graduated cylinder method for coarse textured, non-aggregated soil samples. d = =17.857Kn/m3 17.857= Here M is total mass and V is total volume. The specific gravity of solid particles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of solids to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4 C. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. = Weight of soil solid in a given soil mass. These values are then used to calculate bulk specific gravity, bulk SSD specific gravity, apparent specific gravity and absorption. A = mass of oven-dry sample in air (g) Some lightweight shales (not used in HMA production) can have specific gravities near 1.050, while other aggregate can have specific gravities above 3.000. s = Density of Soil = 156. You can also try thedemoversion viahttps://www.nickzom.org/calculator. Based on the temperature of the water that was recorded in the last step, the density of the distilled water w is derived through specific tables (i.e.,w=998.23 kg/m3 atT=20C). The difference in weights can then be used to calculate the weight of water displaced, which can be converted to a volume using the specific gravity of water. The volume of the box can be determined by multiplying the height of the box times its width and its depth. Basic formula for density (note: m = W/g) Specific gravity of solid particles of soil is the ratio of the unit weight of solids (s) to the unit weight of water (w). Unit weight is the weight of soil per unit volume. Apple (Paid)https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nickzom-calculator/id1331162702?mt=8 W b = Weight of Pycnometer filled with water and soil. The jar is now included with 100ml of mineral water. Three different masses are recorded during the test. 3-1. Known values: total mass of the soil sample, Mt=30.2 g, dry mass of the soil sample, Ms=23.3 g. air mass Ma is negligible. Clean the specific gravity bottle well and dry it. weight of dry piece soaked in fluid, weight of dry piece soaked & immersed in fluid values. Use the thermometer to derive the temperature of the water. This indicates that all the water has left the sample. Back in the lab, weigh each canister plus moist soil. It is an important parameter in soil mechanics for the calculation of the weight-volume relationship. Calculate the specific gravity of the soil solids using the following formula: Specific Gravity (G s) = W o / (W o + (W a - W b )) W o = Weight of sample of oven-dry soil, g = W ps - W p. W a = Weight of Pycnometer filled with water. Finally, the bulk specific gravity (OD) is the ratio of the ovendry mass of the particles to the mass of a volume of water equal to the gross volume of the particles: OD bulk w gross wnet wpores AA A A G VVV ACBABC which, again, is the formula given in the ASTM specification. For instance, if a quarry operation constantly monitors the specific gravity of its output aggregate, a change in specific gravity beyond that normally expected could indicate the quarrying has moved into a new rock formation with significantly different mineral or physical properties. To compute for specific gravity of soil particle, two essential parameters are needed and these parameters areDensity of water (w)andDensity of soil (s). How to Calculate and Solve for Air Content of the Soil | Soil Mechanics and Foundation, How to Calculate and Solve for Water Content | Soil Mechanics and Foundation, How to Calculate and Solve for Inter-atomic Spacing | Braggs Law, How to Calculate and Solve for Conversion of Volume Fraction to Mass Fraction | Phase Transformation, How to Calculate and Solve for Net Force between Two Atoms | Crystal Structures, How to Calculate and Solve for Planar Density | Crystal Structures, How to Calculate and Solve for Linear Density | Crystal Structures, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nickzom.nickzomcalculator, https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nickzom-calculator/id1331162702?mt=8. emin = void ratio of the soil at its densest conditiond = current dry unit weight of soil in-situ You can get this app via any of these means: Webhttps://www.nickzom.org/calculator-plus, To get access to theprofessionalversion via web, you need toregisterandsubscribeforNGN 2,000perannumto have utter access to all functionalities. Typically, aggregate used in HMA production will have a bulk specific gravity between about 2.400 and 3.000 with 2.700 being fairly typical of limestone. Your lab instructor will help you as needed. Now you have to learn some relations between these terms to solve any problem. Three different masses are recorded during the test. at least ten times from a height of about 2-3 inches. Dry Mass Density Define and explain the differences among particle density, bulk density, and specific gravity. This indicates that all the water has left the sample. Correct and accurate material specific gravity determinations are vital to proper mix design. Aggregate absorption is the increase in mass due to water in the pores of the material. Porosity is usually expressed as a decimal, but it can also be expressed as a percentage by multiplying the decimal form by 100%. Accessed 1 July 2002. The specific gravity of soil can be calculated by using the following formula, G = Mass of soil / Mass of equal volume of water, G = Mass of soil / Mass of equal volume of water, Mass of the same volume of water, Ww = (W1 + Ws) W2. Aggregate absorption is a useful quality because: It is generally desirable to avoid highly absorptive aggregate in HMA. The formula for calculating bulk density: s b = m / V Where: s b = Bulk Density m = Mass of the Soil V = Volume of the Soil Let's solve an example; Find the bulk density when the mass of the soil is 24 and the volume of the soil is 6. Weight-Volume Relationship from the Phase Diagram of Soil Find the mass of the soil when the bulk density is 10 and the volume of the soil is 4. sb = Bulk Density = 10 Effective unit weight is the weight of solids in a submerged soil per unit volume. w = Water content or moisture content Example 4: Determine void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation based on known volume, weight, and specific gravity (English units) Given: (metric units) Volume of soil mass: 0.0283 m 3. Students will also learn to calculate soil porosity. Though not critical, it is important that we know it. Grain size analysis is a typical laboratory test conducted in the soil mechanics field. g/cm3 ), including solids and pore spaces. Apple (Paid)https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nickzom-calculator/id1331162702?mt=8 Gs= Specific Gravity of Soil Particle In the apparent specific gravity calculation the mass of the SSD aggregate sample is replaced by the mass of the oven-dry aggregate sample (A replaces B), which means that the water permeable voids within the aggregate are not included and (A C) is the mass of water displaced by the oven-dry sample. Remove the vacuum, clean and dry the flask and add distilled water up to the mark. To get the answer and workings of the bulk density using the Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia. Relation Between Degree of Saturation, Specific Gravity, Water Content, and Void Ratio The degree of saturation may be defined as the ratio of the volume of water in the soil mass to the volume of voids in the soil mass. The bulk specific gravity test is used to determine the specific gravity of a compacted HMA sample by determining the ratio of its weight to the weight of an equal volume of water. Repeat this process in ten mL intervals until you reach the 50 mL mark. s = Density of Soil. Liquids and gases are mostly water and air, respectively. High bulk density soils are soils with little pore space, so water infiltration is reduced, root penetration is inhibited, and aeration is restricted - reducing agricultural productivity. This calculator calculates the bulk specific gravity using weight of dry piece in fluid, density of fluid,. The Specific Gravity of soils is usually between 2.65-2.80 with finer soils having higher values than coarser ones. This lab is performed to determine the specific gravity of soil by using a pycnometer. For example, if spherical (r = radius and = density) . The soil sample is dried in an oven at a temperature of 105C to 110C. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve (Figure 6). These weights are used to calculate specific gravity and the percentage of water absorbed by the sample. The specific gravity (GS) of a soil refers to the ratio of the solid particles unit weight to the unit weight of water. You will be working with your classmates to complete it during lab. Soils are composed of a combination of solids (soil particles), liquids (soil water), and gases (soil atmosphere). Submerge sample in 77F (25C) water for 4 minutes and record the submerged mass . Figure 5: CoreLok vacuum chamber with sample inside. You may have been told that 2.204 lb is equal to 1 kilogram or that 1 lb equals 0.454 kg, but what this really means is that a force of 2.204 lb results from that object's mass times the local value of gravity in some units or another. The substance might be 20 mm gravel. Insert a 1.5 cm metal ring, a 6 cm metal core, and then a second 1.5 cm metal ring into the barrel of the core sampler, then reattach the barrel to the handle. In this video we discuss in detail about the difference among apparent , bulk & effective specific gravity of aggregate. The coarse aggregate specific gravity test (Figure 1) is used to calculate the specific gravity of a coarse aggregate sample by determining the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. The density of water varies less than 1.5 mg/cm3 over the narrow range of normal temperatures. First, you need to obtain the app. The Soil Specific Gravity is defined as the ratio of the weight of a given volume of the material to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water. Weigh and record weight (A). Download Solution PDF. Ans: The unit weight of any material divided by the unit weight of distilled water. The driving weight is raised and dropped repeatedly to drive the sampler into the soil. As you can see from the screenshot above,Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the specific gravity of soil particle and presents the formula, workings and steps too. Some lightweight shales (not used in HMA production) can have absorptions approaching 30 percent, while other aggregate types can have near zero absorption. Specific Gravity of Solid Particles, G Particle density refers to the mass of solids per volume of the solids alone. Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. (Troxler). Note that total volume of the soil sample equals the volume of the solids and the volume of the pores. S = degree of saturation of the soil The density of a fully saturated specimen of clay having a water content of 40% is 1.88 gm/cc. From $\gamma = \dfrac{(G + Se)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, S = 100%, Buoyant Unit Weight or Effective Unit Weight Figure 5 shows major coarse aggregate specific gravity equipment. Their common symbols are: Simply divide the mass of the sample by the volume of the water displaced. Absorptions above about 5 percent tend to make HMA mixtures uneconomical because extra asphalt binder is required to account for the high aggregate absorption. Typically, aggregate used in HMA production will have a bulk specific gravity between about 2.400 and 3.000 with 2.700 being fairly typical of limestone. The International Information Center for Geotechnical Engineers, Step-by-Step Guide for Grain Size Analysis, VertekCPT: All you need to know about Soil Liquefaction, Using Terzaghis Equation in Foundation Design, Geotechnical Engineering Lab Manual, by Prof. William A. Kitch (Angelo State University), A list of Videos on Laboratory Testing to support Online Instruction, Splitting Tensile Strength Test (Brazilian), Volumetric flask marked with a thin ring at a specific point of its neck (graduation mark), Weigh the empty and clean volumetric flask (. 6. w. The mass density of water ? Fill the flask with distilled water up to the graduation mark. V = Volume of the Soil. Relation Between Void Ratio, Water Content, Degree of Saturation & Specific Gravity In this article, we will make a formula or equation or relation between void ratio (e), water content (w), degree of saturation () and specific gravity (G). A change in aggregate mineral or physical properties can result in a change in specific gravity. As mentioned in the background section, if a specimens air voids are high, and thus potentially interconnected (for dense-graded HMA this occurs at about 8 to 10 percent air voids), water quickly drains out of them as the specimen is removed from its water bath, which results in an erroneously low SSD weight, which leads to an erroneously low HMA sample volume measurement and thus an erroneously high bulk specific gravity. w= Density of Water Pavement Interactive was developed by thePavement Tools Consortium, a partnership between several state DOTs, the FHWA, and the University of Washington, as part of their effort tofurther develop and use computer-based pavement tools. s= Density of Soil What is the range of bulk density values for an organic soil? Void ratio is the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids. The complete procedure can be found in: Other standard tests available to determine bulk specific gravity that are not described in this section are: A compacted HMA sample (usually a SGC compacted laboratory sample or a field-obtained HMA core) is weighed dry, saturated surface dry (SSD) and submerged (Figure 1). Lets solve an example; S = Degree of saturation Return any soil sample remaining in beaker to sample storage container and dry clean beaker. Q.1: Define the Specific Gravity. Fill around 2/3 of the flask with distilled water. specific gravity, also called relative density, ratio of the density of a substance to that of a standard substance. \ (\mathrm {Gm}=\frac {\text { Weight of soil of given soil }} {\text { weight of standard fluid of same volume }}\) 1993 AASHTO Flexible Pavement Structural Design, 1993 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Structural Design, Climate Change Impacts on Pavements and Resilience, E-Construction in Practice: A Peer Exchange with WSDOT and TxDOT. w = Density of Water = 9. i av = N d at middle of heave soil prism /unit length pile. Correct and accurate bulk specific gravity determinations are vital to proper mix design. A unit called the slug , equal to 32.17 "mass-pounds" or 14.6 kg, can be used to convert between pounds in the . Porosity is the ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of soil. In practice, the paraffin is difficult to correctly apply and test results are somewhat inconsistent. Lets solve an example; As you can see from the screenshot above,Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the bulk density and presents the formula, workings and steps too. Now, Click onSoil Mechanics and FoundationunderAgricultural, Now, Click on Specific Gravity of Soil Particle underSoil Mechanics and Foundation. Place the entire sample in a basket (Figure 8) and weigh it underwater (Figure 9). These two density measurements provide an important insight into the physical nature of a given soil. 1993 AASHTO Flexible Pavement Structural Design, 1993 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Structural Design, Climate Change Impacts on Pavements and Resilience, E-Construction in Practice: A Peer Exchange with WSDOT and TxDOT. Remove the barrel from the sampler and gently push the core out of the top of the barrel, taking care to keep the core intact. Soils Laboratory Manual by Colby J. Moorberg & David A. Crouse is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Absorption, which is also determined by the same test procedure, is a measure of the amount of water that an aggregate can absorb into its pore structure. Your answer should be 1.5 g/cm 3. This method has shown promise in both accuracy and precision. The formula for calculating specific gravity of soil particle: G s = s / w Where: G s = Specific Gravity of Soil Particle w = Density of Water s = Density of Soil Let's solve an example; Find the specific gravity of soil particle when the density of water is 22 and the the density of soil is 11. Remember, the volume of the water displaced is equal to the volume of the. Rolling up the aggregate into the towel and then shaking and rolling the aggregate from side to side is usually effective in reducing the sample to a SSD condition (Video 1). The relationship between the the void ratio e, and the porosity n is given by: Derivation is as follows The volume includes both solids and pores. The following formulas are taken from unit weights of soil: = ( G + S e) w 1 + e = ( G + G w) w 1 + e d = G w 1 + e s a t = ( G + e) w 1 + e = ( G 1) w 1 + e Where m = mass of soil V = volume of soil W = weight of soil = density of soil d = dry density of soil sat = saturated density of soil ' = buoyant density of soil In this method the specimen is wrapped in a thin paraffin film (Figure 4) and then weighed in and out of water. Both use the aggregates oven dry weight. Drying should occur in an oven regulated at 230F (110C). Remove all of sample within graduated cylinder. Posted by Dinesh on 21-07-2021T12:27. The simplest method is to dry the sample in a conventional oven: [latex]\text{Mass of water}=(\text{mass of beaker}+\text{moist soil})-(\text{mass of beaker}+\text{dry soil})[/latex], [latex]\text{Mass of dry soil}=(\text{mass of beaker}+\text{dry soil})-\text{mass of beaker}[/latex], [latex]\text{Percent moisture}=\frac{\text{mass of water in soil}}{\text{mass of oven dry soil}}\times100\text{%}[/latex], [latex]\text{Dry weight}=\frac{\text{wet weight}}{1+(\frac{\text{percent moisture}}{100\text{%}})}[/latex]. Add the second 25 mL of soil sample and stir again to remove air bubbles. Soil is composed of solids, liquids, and gases. Measure soil bulk density and calculate pore volume relationships. Q.3: Give the formula to determine the specific gravity (Gs). Use a vacuum pump to gradually apply vacuum and remove the entrapped air while spinning the flask to remove the air bubbles. V = volume of soil The screenshot below displays the page or activity to enter your values, to get the answer for the bulk density according to the respective parameters which is the Mass of the soil (m)andVolume of the soil (V). If a soil is compacted, the soil solids are packed into a smaller volume, and the particles get packed closer together. 3 days (from sample preparation to final dry weight determination). When the soil contains particles larger than the 4.75-mm sieve, Test Method C127 shall be used for the soil solids retained on the 4.75-mm sieve and these test methods shall be used for the . Absorption can indicate the amount of asphalt binder the aggregate will absorb. The difference between Gsb and bulk (SSD) specific gravity is the weight of aggregate used in the calculations. Describe the relationship between 1) bulk density and porosity and 2) particle density and porosity. Geoengineer.org uses third party cookies to improve our website and your experience when using it. Measure the length and diameter of the metal cylinders. Use this information to calculate bulk density, porosity, and water-filled pore volume. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Laboratory samples are typically dry at the beginning of the test; however, field samples will typically be damp. If the unit weight of soil is 50% saturated, then its bulk unit weight will be _____ If the unit weight of soil is 50% saturated, then its bulk unit weight will be ______ Clean and thoroughly dry a 100 mL graduated cylinder. S = Weight of Dry Piece Soaked in Fluid. The bulk specific gravity test measures a HMA sample's weight under three different conditions (Figure 1): Dry (no water in sample). It is represented as 'Gm'. Rather, specific gravity is an aggregate quality needed to make required volume calculations. The difference between Gsa, Gse and Gsb is the volume of aggregate used in the calculations. Moisture content, usually expressed in terms of percentage, is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids. Quickly blot the sample with a damp towel and record the surface dry mass. However, measuring the volume of pores in a soil sample is difficult. These definitions/questions will provide a concise summary of the major concepts addressed in the lab. Let, = Weight of soil solid in a given soil mass. Therefore, by definition, water at a temperature of 73.4F (23C) has a specific gravity of 1. V = Total volume of the given soil mass. i.e, G =ps/pw The specific gravity of solids varies from 2.65 to 2.80 for most natural soils. Then find the volume needed in order to have the same bulk density for the other. In practice, porosity is normally calculated using the formula: [latex]\text{Porosity, }=1-\frac{_\text{b}}{_\text{p}}[/latex]. The following formula is used to calculate the specific gravity of a material. Also called buoyant density or buoyant unit weight (b). The relative density is written in the following formulas: where: Paper towels may absorb water in the aggregate pores. The Specific Gravity for Solids and Liquids equation (SG = / w) computes the Specific Gravity (SG) of a substance based on the ratio of mass density to density of water under standard conditions (4C). Equation (3.21) may be derived by referring to the soil element shown in Figure 3.4, in which the volume of soil solids is equal to 1 and the volume of voids is equal to e. Figure (3.4) Three separate phases of a soil element showing mass-volume relationship Hence, the mass of soil solids, M s, is equal to G s w. The moisture content has been g = 9.81 m/s2 Particle density is similar to the specific gravity of a solid and is not impacted by land use. The specific gravity of soil can be calculated by using the following formula,G = Mass of soil / Mass of equal volume of water Where, Mass of Soil = Ws Mass of the same volume of water, Ww = (W1 + Ws) W2 Gs (T1 C) = Ws / Ww, Copyright [2019 - 2023] [Civiconcepts.com] | by [Bhushan Mahajan], 3040 House Plans | 1200 sq ft House Plan, Specific Gravity of Soil Test Procedure, Result & Calculation, General Specific Gravity of Soil Range for Various Soils, Determination of Specific Gravity Test of Soil, Calculation Of Specific Gravity Of Soil Sample, Specific Gravity of Soil at Various Temperature, Specific Gravity of Soil Lab Report Discussion, Water Content of Soil Test Procedure, Result & Report, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test on Concrete, Soundness Test of Cement Procedure and Results, Abrasion Test on Aggregate & Its Procedure, Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube Test Result 7, 14, 28 Days, What To Do If Concrete Cube Fails After 28 days, Cement of Fineness: Definition, Importance, and How to Test It, 8 Different Types Of Mop With Pros & Cons, 5 Different Types of Chains In Civil Engineering, What Is Architecture | 8 Types of Architects | Different Types of Architecture | Top Architecture Types With Pictures, 8 Different Types of Air Conditioners With Pros & Cons, 30 Types Of Shed | Different Types Of Shed In Backyard | Types Of Backyard Shed | Best Shed Styles Designs, 12 Different Types of Gardens | Most Popular Types of Gardening | Top Garden Types With Pictures, Defects In Timber | Top Defects Of Timber | 5 Different Types of Defects In Timber | Foxiness In Timber, Different Types of Chimneys For Kitchens [Pros & Cons], 15 Types of Drywall Anchors | Different Types Of Wall Anchors | Dry Wall Anchors Types | Best Types of Wall Anchors For Wall, Types Of Gutters | 22 Different Types of Gutters | Rain Gutter Downspout | Best Types of Rain Gutter For House, Explore the 15 Different Types of Door Locks for Home Security, 8 Different Types of Kitchen Cabinets for Your Dream Kitchen, 12 Types of Rugs | Different Types of Rugs With Pictures | Best Types of Rug For Living Room | Best Rug For Bedroom, Different Types of Roof Overhang and Their Advantages, 15 Different Types of Fans For Home | Ceiling Fan Type, 10 Different Types of Stoves For Your Kitchen, 22 Different Types of Drill Bits and Their Uses [PDF], Thermometer graduated in O.soC division scale. C = mass of SSD sample in water (g). Vv = Volume of voids W = weight of soil = density of soild = dry density of soilsat = saturated density of soil' = buoyant density of soilw = density of water Therefore, the Specific Gravity GS is calculated as: A correction is utilized to adjust the results at a reference temperature T=20C: where K is the temperature correction factor. The following description is a brief summary of the test. This method, the simplest, calculates the volume based on height and diameter/width measurements. Each one uses a slightly different way to determine specimen volume and may result in different bulk specific gravity values. The density is given by 850/0.5 = 1700 kg/m^3. 3. The results are as follows: Aggregate A: Bulk specific gravity=2.814; absorption=0.4% Aggregate B: Bulk specific gravity=2.441; absorption=3.0% What is the specific gravity of a mixture of 35% aggregate A and 65% aggregate B by weight? However, of specific concern is the mass of the SSD sample. They are also useful as study notes for exams. Basic Formulas However, of specific concern is the mass of the SSD sample. Several important physical properties have been discussed in other labs: texture, structure, color, and consistency. (d)max = dry unit weight of the soil at its densest condition, Designation of Granular Soil Based on Relative Density. ASK AN EXPERT. Equation for calculate bulk specific gravity is, G b = (W * D) / (W - I) Where, G b > = Bulk Specific Gravity. Given that the specific gravity of soil particle is 12 and the density of soil is 156. Volume of water in soil is also often expressed by equivalent depth of water, D e: D Considerable preparation time may be necessary if contamination must be removed from the bottom of the sample. 5.9.15 BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND UNIT WEIGHT OF COMPACTED HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) (Kansas Test Method KT-15) 1.