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The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. Quiz 1. selecting effective instructional software. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. Subject. Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. Answer: . Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. For easy replacement, designers placed each transistor circuit inside a "bottle," similar to a vacuum tube. The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). Today those systems use the PowerPC chip, also by Motorola and a successor to the 68000 series. Term. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. It has pre-programmed curricular material. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. Microcomputer was formerly a commonly used term for personal computers, particularly any of a class of small digital computers whose CPU is contained on a single integrated semiconductor chip. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. That's not as trivial. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. A. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. At the time IBM released the System/360, the company had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its major source of revenue began to move from punched card equipment to electronic computer systems. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? More than one hundred Paragons were installed over the lifetime of the system, each costing as much as five million dollars. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. A computer could write it with a laser instead. Xerox wasnt interested. One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). . Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. True False IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. spreadsheet program With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. FoxBase is a database management system and programming language developed by Fox Software in the mid-1980s. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. 1945: Memex Sales were weaker than projected, despite being widely praised by the press for its active matrix display, removable trackball, and high performance. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. Japan's SoftBank introduces the first camera phone, the J-Phone J-SH04; a Sharp-manufactured digital phone with integrated camera. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. Download now! Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. A large parallel processing computer, the ILLIAC IV does not operate until 1972. Dropout rates are higher in online courses. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. Produce results (output) 4. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. It was used to model the decay of the US nuclear arsenal, analyze financial data, and render 3D medical images in real-time. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. The Pi weighed only 45 grams and initially sold for only $25-$35 U.S. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. False The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). Accept data (input) 2. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. spreadsheet What is the function of an IEP generator? It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? In a widely circulated paper, mathematician John von Neumann outlines the architecture of a stored-program computer, including electronic storage of programming information and data -- which eliminates the need for more clumsy methods of programming such as plugboards, punched cards and paper. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The Apple II, one of the first commercially successful microcomputers, was debuted at the inaugural show of which annual computer industry conference? Which of the following is one strategy often used in online courses to ensure academic integrity? Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Level. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . 0.5 out of 0.5 points. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. high interaction between students and the teacher. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly -- designers of the earlier ENIAC computer -- the Univac 1 used 5,200 vacuum tubes and weighed 29,000 pounds. Software In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute related to the invention of the computer, which was resolved in 1973 when it was shown that ENIAC co-designer John Mauchly had seen the ABC shortly after it became functional. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe 2. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The 2116A is HPs first computer. Until recently, good microcomputer software for multimedia presentations was not available, but was much in demand by businesses. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). Motes are also known as smart dust, since the intention is that their tiny size and low cost make them inexpensive enough to sprinkle in the real world to as sensors. The line was discontinued in 2014. An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. It had 32 KB of memory and sold for $8,000. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers.