The remains were authenticated by INAH. Cortes himself killed the Aztec emperor Montezuma before claiming Tenochtitlan for Spain, and became governor of New Spain. Having spent a great deal of his own money to finance expeditions, he was now heavily in debt. He became secretary for Governor Velázquez. Upon his arrival in 1504 in Santo Domingo, the capital of Hispaniola, the 18-year-old Cortés registered as a citizen; this entitled him to a building plot and land to farm. Best Selection - Best Price - … No portraits made during Hernan Cortes' lifetime exist, but the best known account of the conquest of the Aztec Empire, written by Bernal Diaz del Castillo, gives a detailed description of Hernan Cortes' physical appearance: He was of good stature and body, well proportioned and stocky, the color of his face was somewhat grey, not very cheerful, and a longer face would have suited him more. After reasserting his position and reestablishing some sort of order, Cortés retired to his estates at Cuernavaca, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Mexico City. From there, Cortes travelled to Cuba and Mexico, and then from Mexico to capital of the Aztec Empire, Tenochtitlan in Veracruz. [13] He reserved many encomiendas for himself and for his retinue, which they considered just rewards for their accomplishment in conquering central Mexico. The noble title and senorial estate of the Marquesado was passed down to his descendants until 1811. During the siege he would construct brigantines in the lake and slowly destroy blocks of the city to avoid fighting in an urban setting. After his death, his body was moved more than eight times for several reasons. The third letter, dated May 15, 1522, appeared at Seville in 1523. The statue depicts Cortés, Malinche and their son Martín. He requested in his will that his remains eventually be buried in Mexico. Faced with a hostile population, Cortés decided to flee for Tlaxcala. Who is Hernán Cortés? The scarcity of these sources has led to a sharp division in the description of Cortés's personality and a tendency to describe him as either a vicious and ruthless person or a noble and honorable cavalier. It was not until he had been almost 15 years in the Indies that Cortés began to look beyond his substantial status as mayor of the capital of Cuba and as a man of affairs in the thriving colony. He went to Salamanca University, but dropped out at the age of 17. In this letter Cortés, besides recalling in a rather abrupt manner that the conquest of Mexico was due to him alone, deliberately acknowledges his disobedience in terms which could not fail to create a most unfavourable impression. The Franciscans arrived in May 1524, a symbolically powerful group of twelve known as the Twelve Apostles of Mexico, led by Fray Martín de Valencia. In the upper portion, there is a "black eagle with two heads on a white field, which are the arms of the empire". On July 1, 1520, Moctezuma was killed (the Spaniards claimed he was stoned to death by his own people; others claim he was murdered by the Spanish once they realized his inability to placate the locals). Opens at 10:00 AM . In 1836, his bones were moved to another place in the same building. He thought that the king would come to his aid, but the king ignored him. So in 1566, his body was sent to New Spain and buried in the church of San Francisco de Texcoco, where his mother and one of his sisters were buried. Toutes les informations de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France sur : Hernán Cortés (1485-1547) "The equine strategy of Cortés. In 1511, Cortés accompanied Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, an aide of the Governor of Hispaniola, in his expedition to conquer Cuba. According to his biographer, chaplain, and friend Francisco López de Gómara, Cortés was pale and sickly as a child. This son Martín Cortés was sometimes called "El Mestizo". He stopped in Trinidad, Cuba, to hire more soldiers and obtain more horses. By this time Charles had returned and Cortés forthrightly responded to his enemy's charges. By the early 1540s, he owned 20 silver mines in Sultepec, 12 in Taxco, and 3 in Zacualpan. [19], Meanwhile, Velázquez sent another expedition, led by Pánfilo de Narváez, to oppose Cortés, arriving in Mexico in April 1520 with 1,100 men. His bones were put in the charge of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). Cortés was temporarily distracted by one of Catalina's sisters but finally married Catalina, reluctantly, under pressure from Governor Velázquez. In February 1544 he made a claim on the royal treasury, but was ignored for the next three years. Ces deux opérations militaires ont de nombreux points communs relatifs à leur déroulement et aux procédés utilisés par les conquistadors. ", Chamberlain, Robert S. "Two unpublished documents of Hernán Cortés and New Spain, 1519 and 1524. Hernán Cortés, in full Hernán Cortés, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca, also called Hernando Cortés or Fernando Cortés, Cortés also spelled Cortéz, (born 1485, Medellín, near Mérida, Extremadura, Castile [Spain]—died December 2, 1547, Castilleja de la Cuesta, near Sevilla), Spanish conquistador who overthrew the Aztec empire (1519–21) and won Mexico for the crown of Spain. Local time in Hernán Cortés is now 02:55 AM (Wednesday). As time went on, relations between Cortés and Governor Velázquez became strained. Mexico City, Mexico, is built on the remains of that city. Hernán Cortés, 1485 - 1547 Hernán Cortés was born in Medellin, Spain, 1485 to Don Martin and Dona Catalina. He took 11 ships from Cuba to Mexico, arriving in 1519. [1] There was an investigation into her death, interviewing a variety of household residents and others. Although Cortés still retained military authority and permission to continue his conquests, viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza was appointed in 1535 to administer New Spain's civil affairs. It was published for the first time in volume IV of "Documentos para la Historia de España", and subsequently reprinted. On returning to Mexico, Cortés found the country in a state of anarchy. When he reached Seville, he was stricken with dysentery. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1992. Hernán Cortés is a character in the opera La Conquista (2005) by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero, which depicts the major episodes of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521. He ignored the orders and, in an act of open mutiny, went anyway in February 1519. Cortés began a policy of attrition towards Tenochtitlán, cutting off supplies and subduing the Aztecs' allied cities. 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