from the cape to cairo cartoon analysis

Pucks caricature of Germanys Bible-quoting Kaiser Wilhelm II ready to machine gun foreign non-believers captures the role of Christianity in turn-of-the-century Western imperialism. The White Mans Burden (Apologies to Rudyard Kipling). Victor Gillam,Judge, April 1, 1899. Transatlantic dimensions of the American Anti-Imperialist Movement, 1899-1909.Journal of Transatlantic Studies. Co., Puck Bldg., 1902 December 10. Lifes satire of the white mans burden mystique offers a procession of the supporters of the new imperialism beginning with missionaries and ending with the traveling salesman. The foothold in the Philippines brought China within reach. He was just one of the imperial rulers and national figures to be demonized. No blow has been struck except for liberty and humanity, and none will be.William McKinley. W. A. Rogers,Harpers Weekly, July 28, 1900. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our A priest of the Church of England, his father served as curate of Brentwood Essex for fifteen years, until 1849, when he became the vicar of Bishop's Stortford, where . Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. The Harvest in the Philippines. Frederick Thompson Richards,Life, July 6, 1899. United We Stand for Civilization and Peace: the Anglo-Saxon Globe. Regarding the Philippines in particular, he continues: without any desire or design on our part, the war has brought us new duties and responsibilities which we must meet and discharge as becomes a great nation on whose growth and career from the beginning the ruler of nations has plainly written the high command and pledge of civilization. Civilization (to China). in: Puck, v. 52, no. Address of Pope Barrow to the Daughters of the American revolution. | N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. Matthews, Roy T. Britannia and John Bull: From Birth to Maturity.The Historian,Vol. On the contrary, they reflected intense debates about civilization, progress, and the white mans burden that took place on both sides of the Atlantic. Cecil John Rhodes | South African History Online Colonial success is equated with chivalry and invincibility., A Union in the Interest of Humanity Civilization. Thophile Steinlen,LAssiette au Beurre, June 27, 1901. The Cape to Cairo Railway was an unfinished project to create a railway line crossing Africa from south to north. | An Atlantic Triangle in the 1900s: Theodore Roosevelts special relationships with France and Britain.Journal of Transatlantic Studies,Vol. America in the China Relief Expedition(Kansas City: Hudson-Kimberly publishing company, 1903). On May 1, the U.S. Navy scored its first major victory in foreign watersfar from assured given the weakness of the American fleet at the timeby defeating Spanish warships defending their longtime Pacific colony in the Battle of Manila Bay. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900. As the caption indicates, this cover illustration dismisses charges of imperialism that critics directed against American expansion at the turn of the century.Harpers Weekly took pride in billing itself as A Journal of Civilization. The barbarians depicted here are Chinese Boxers who committed atrocities against Christian missionaries. Original publication of Rudyard Kiplings poem, The White Mans Burden.. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. - Library Of Congress The eight-nation military intervention during the Boxer Uprising in China in 1900 amounted to a global case study of how nations with superior technology wreaked violence abroad in the name of bringing about peace and civilization. The conspicuously larger size of Britannias big guns in Pucks cartoon reflects Englands leading role in imperial conquest. 203228. Model students Hawaii and Porto Rico appear as docile girls learning their lessons. 3, pp. Translated from Russian. In this 1898 cartoon, Britannia (Great Britain) welcomes Columbia (the United States) as an estranged daughter and new imperialist partner. Keppler, Udo J., Artist. N.Y.: J. Ottmann Lith. Britains John Bull leads Uncle Sam uphill as the two imperialists take up the White Mans Burden in this detail from an overtly racist 1899 cartoon referencing Kiplings poem. England, a caricature, multiples hands over countries, Top hat, 2000s stereotypical villain, water, lands countries. Europeans, this reads, Pour the Blessings of Their Culture over the Globe., Der Europer giesst die Segnungen seiner Kultur ber den Erdball aus (The Europeans pour the blessings of its culture over the globe). Americas recent subjugated populations are savage, unruly, and rebelliousliterally visually half devil and half child, as Kipling would have it. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. Education in the ways of the West completed the political and commercial occupation. The U.S. entered the elite group of world powers with victories in the Spanish-American War (written in the clouds over the naval battle on the right). Co., Puck Bldg. An elaborate Puck graphic from early in 1899 called School Begins incorporates all the players in a classroom scene to illustrate the legitimacy of governing without consent. Link to other styles, U.S. President - 1st Term (September 1901-February 1905), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. https://gmu.zoom.us/j/92187991244, Please download and import the following iCalendar (.ics) files to your calendar system. The Presidents Speech. William Bengough,Life, May 24, 1900. Here the Auto-Truck of Civilization and Trade shines a headlight upon a raging dragon and sword-wielding Chinese Boxer whose banner reads 400 Million Barbarians. In the imagery of the civilizing mission, China is portrayed as both backward and savage. The noble rhetoric that buttressed overseas expansion, as Twain presented it, was largely for Home Consumption, and stood in sharp contrast to the Actual Thing that the Customer Sitting in Darkness buys with his blood and tears and land and liberty. Where the Philippine temptation in particular was concerned, he cited press reports of atrocities by American troops. In all likelihood, it was an internal malfunction, but many Americans blamed the Spanish and rallied behind the slogan Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain. The United States declared war on Spain on April 20, and the fury kindled by the sinking of the Maine was appeased by a great U.S. naval victory on the other side of the world two and a half months later. Imperial Motives (answers from chart) Flashcards | Quizlet It was feared that the mystical rituals and xenophobic violence of the Yi He Tuan (Boxer) secret society would overwhelm Chinas ineffectual rulers, cast the country into chaos, and hinder the trade and profits anticipated by the great powers. Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. In the background, the artist placed a large portrait of a large man, Marcus Hanna, next to a miniature of President William McKinley to show their relative influence on policy. 202-212 (September 2010). Even the language of Lifes caption is subversive, for it picks up a famous pro-imperialist speech by Theodore Roosevelt titled The Strenuous Life. Delivered on April 10, 1899, two years before Roosevelt became president, the most famous lines of the speech were these: I wish to preach, not the doctrine of ignoble ease, but the doctrine of the strenuous life, the life of toil and effort, of labor and strife; to preach that highest form of success which comes, not to the man who desires mere easy peace, but to the man who does not shrink from danger . Save the republic : Anti-imperialist leaflet no. The dream reached its most audacious dimensions in Cecil Rhodes's ill-fated plans for a Cape-to-Cairo railway. LAC nsk 2021-10-04 create (1 card), Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress) - Anti-Imperialist League (Washington, D.C.), Horrible nightmare of a worthy old gentleman. Wrapped in Kerosene-Soaked Cotton and Roasted to Death., In this same horrified mode, the July 28 cover of Harpers Weeklya publication that carried the subtitle A Journal of Civilizationdepicted demonic Boxers brandishing primitive weapons, carrying severed heads on pikes, and trampling a child wrapped in the American flag. Indeed, the visual record was, in its unique way, more powerfulmore literally graphicthan words alone could ever be. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Generic names on the gravestones are coupled with places of origin, including England, Scotland, Ireland, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, India, Ceylon, and Egypt, indicating the diversity of those recruited to fight and die for the British Empire. How such uncivilized behavior fit the rhetoric of the civilizing mission is the subject of the Life cartoon, A Red-Letter Day. Against a backdrop of distant flames, a Filipino mansympathetically drawn as tall, handsome, and heroic in contrast to the usual caricature of a tiny, expressionless savage in a grass skirtis questioned by a clergyman. 11, Issue 40, No. On November 29, 1892, while on a visit to London, Rhodes made a speech in which he dramatically announced that he intended to extend the Colony's telegraphic connections across the entire continent - not only to Lake Tanganyika and Uganda, but through the fundamentalist Islamic Sudan and all the way to British Cairo. If you dont do it I shall have to. Udo Keppler,Puck, August 8, 1900. Relatively free from European rivalries and well situated to become a transoceanic partner, the U.S. was courted for the role. There should be no problem designing a flag for the conquered Philippines, he opined in drawing his biting essay to a close: we can have just our usual flag, with the white stripes painted black and the stars replaced by the skull and cross-bones.. 27-1-09 (July 6, 2009). LC copy from Naimusho Keihokyoku censorship collection; classified as "annei" and banned. The word "Civilization" (with a capital C), alongside Progress, was counterposed against the words barbarism, barbarians, and barbarity, with accompanying visual stereotypes. Christian missionaries often led the way, followed by politicians, troops, andbringing up the rearbusinessmen. Lasting from June 20 to August 14, 1900, the siege was the catalyst for a rescue mission by the Allied forces of eight major world powers. Source:Library of Congress. Rus. The caption reference to harvest surely carried multiple meaning to many ofLifes American readers. 4, pp. Selling Empire: American Propaganda and War in the Philippines.TheAsia-Pacific Journal, Vol. The artist George Benjamin Luts offered an exceptionally scathing rendering of the linkage of conquest, commerce, and censorship in an 1899 cartoon titled The Way We Get the War News: The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship. Published in a short-lived radical periodical, The Verdict, the cartoon shows a war correspondent in chains, writing his story under the direction of military brass. Who, they asked, was the real barbarian? Mans Burden, emphasized its hypocrisy. Pucks cover for June 8, 1898, celebrated this new Anglo-Saxon solidarity and sense of mission with an illustration of two resolute soldiers standing with fixed bayonets on a parapet and overlooking the globe. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study(London, New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003). From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. Pro-imperialist cartoons often depicted the West as literally shining the light of civilization and progress on barbaric peoples. From the Cape to Cairo. Translated from Russian. 11 [-21]. Abe Ignacio, Enrique de la Cruz, Jorge Emmanuel, Helen Toribo. This video provides an in depth analysis of a GCSE History cartoon from the event surrounding the signing of the Treaty of Versailles (after WW1). Fears that China would descend into chaos and xenophobia justified intervention to safeguard the spread of modernity, civilization, and trade. Purpose In this activity, you will analyze and then create cartoons about imperialism. Includes bibliographical references and index. The president of the First Philippine Republic, Emilio Aguinaldo, is portrayed as a barefoot savage, wild hair escaping from a dunce cap. Names Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956, artist Families were burned out of their homes and imprisoned in concentration camps. In this mocking Life cartoon, a Chinese man with an overturned Bible at his feet laughs ironically at how both the Bible and Uncle Sam relish scenes of slaughter. One cannot imagine a blunter caption than the one that accompanied his 1900 cartoon for Judge: And, after all, the Philippines Are Only the Stepping-Stone to China. In Flohris image, Uncle Samheavily laden with steel, railroads, bridges, farm equipment, and the likegives a cursory nod to the spread of civilization by grasping a book titled "Education" and "Religion. The confident giant is greeted with open arms by a diminutive yellow-clad Chinese mandarin. When rich tracts of gold were discovered, an influx of large numbers of British immigrants threatened to overturn Boer rule over these republics. Although applicable for all exam boards the. A 1901 Puck cover, Misery Loves Company, depicts John Bull and Uncle Sam mired in colonial wars at a steep price: Boer War 16,000,000 yearly and Philippine War $80,000,000 yearly. Anti-imperialist movements targeted the human rights violations in both the Philippines and Transvaal in their protests. A Rival Who Has Come to Stay. Illustrated by A. D. McCormick, with fold-out color map. continuous line of British territories from Cape Town, South Africa to Cairo, Egypt. The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship. George Benjamin Luts,The Verdict, August 21, 1899. The image appeared in the June 27, 1901 issue of LAssiette au Beurre by Steinlen titled, A Vision de Hugo, 18021902. The full mural decries the bloodshed of colonial warfare in Turkey, China, and Africa. China peeps over the wall. Written over the battle clouds on the right, the Spanish-American War would have inspired the depiction of Columbia as an emerging military power. 18, No. Reference staff can | Print shows John Bull attempting to reassure Uncle Sam that the storm clouds labeled "Philippine Complications" blowing in from the right will soon pass; he gestures toward 1 print : chromolithograph. American ships for American commerce!!. Anti-imperialist protesters were often feminized as weak nervous Nellies and, in a play on words, as aunties. Antiwar graphics, on the other hand, informed the public about the darker side of imperial campaigns. 8, No. 83-108 (2006). Bickers, Robert A. and R. G. Tiedemann. What historical event or imperialist practice is this cartoon referencing? The White (!) Uncle Sams New Class in the Art of Self-Government. W. A. Rogers,Harpers Weekly: A Journal of Civilization, August 27, 1898. A Red-Letter Day. The backdrop to the scene, a large Map of the United States and Neighboring Countries, attests to the new position the U.S. has taken in the world, with its overseas territories marked by U.S. flags. Japan is introduced in this 1899 cartoon as the lone Asian nation in the imperialist circle of world powers. A number of critical cartoons of the time addressed the unsavory behavior of the civilizers themselves, and the disparity between doctrine and actions. Heine used the pages of Simplicissimusto denounce the atrocious conduct of Prussian troops during the Allied intervention in China, where the German forces obviously took to heart Wilhelm IIs exhortation to show no mercy. Newly conquered populations, described in the opening stanza as your new-caught, sullen peoples, half-devil and half-child would need sustained commitments to serve your captives needs., Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2014 Visualizing Cultures. Terms of Use U.S. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Hawaii and Porto Rico are model female students. Shortly after Kiplings poem appeared, the consistently anti-imperialist Life fired back with a decidedly different view of the white mans burden on its March 16, 1899 cover: a cartoon that showed the foreign powers riding on the backs of their colonial subjects. The U.S. conquest of the Philippines, coupled with the multi-nation Boxer intervention in China, prompted Twain to become an outspoken critic of America plunging into what he denounced as the European Game of overseas expansion. In The Pigtail Has Got to Go, a white-robed goddess wears a star that radiates over a Chinese mandarin. Along with his burden of steel, trains, sewing machines, and other industrial goods, Uncle Sam carries a book titled Education, Religion in a nod to the rhetoric of moral uplift that accompanied the commercial goals of the civilizing mission. https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=o276287. Cullinane, M. Patrick. 77-99 (2011). If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. The U.S. policy of benevolent neutrality supported Britain in the Boer War with large war loans, exports of military supplies, and diplomatic assistance for British POWs. Kipling offered moral justification for the bloody war the U.S. was fighting to suppress the independent Philippine regime following Spanish rule. From the Cape to Cairo Collection: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Description: Britannia, carrying a large white flag labeled "Civilization" with British soldiers and colonists behind her, advances on a horde of natives, one carrying a flag labeled "Barbarism." Caption: Though the process be costly, the road to progress must be cut. Brandishing the flag of Civilization, Britannia leads white troops and settlers against native forces under the banner of Barbarism.. From Cape to Cairo by Bike | Free Documentary Nature Free Documentary - Nature 1.31M subscribers Subscribe 28K Share 3.3M views 1 year ago #FreeDocumentaryNature #Africa #Documentary From. Progress was promoted as an unassailable value that would bring the worlds barbarians into modern times for their own good and the good of global commerce. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. Though carving the Chinese melon was a popular metaphor, none of the invaders seriously considered partitioning the large country under foreign rule. The caption reads: The Stranger: How long have you been civilized? Photograph. The Philippines are diminished as Only the Stepping-Stone that enables the U.S. to reach the eagerly anticipated China market. 19th Century Editorial Cartoons and the Business of Race." The divine right of kingshere, Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany as a pompous war lord mounted on a colossal cannonis intermingled with the divine mission of clergy, often the first Westerners allowed into foreign lands. Includes bibliographical references and index. Twain went along, partly out of concern for his family, and The War Prayer was not published until 1916, six years after his death. Civilization warns Chinas passive emperor to stop the Anarchy, Murder, and Riot spread by Boxer insurgentsvisualized as a dragon crawling over the city wallattacking missionaries, Chinese Christians, and Westerners. Co., Puck Bldg., NY [New York: Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, NY. Source:Library of Congress. 13, No. The belief in racial/cultural superiority that fueled the British empire embraced the U.S. in Anglo-Saxonism based on common heritage and language. The turn of the century also witnessed emergence of articulate anti-imperialist voices worldwideand this movement had its own powerful wing of incisive graphic artists. The human and financial cost of these extended conflicts was large. From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. What imperialist practices are you rallying against (taking of raw materials, manipulation of trade, colonialism, violence, etc.)? From the Cape to Cairo / Keppler. | Library of Congress At the same time, however, the suppression of The War Prayer helps highlight the courage and critical edge that many political cartoonists brought to the very same subject of spreading death and destruction in the name of civilization and progress. Source:Bibliothque nationale de France. We had no design of aggrandizement and no ambition of conquest. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). The Real Trouble Will Come with the If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Numbers 14-15 and 18-20 wanting. Opposing the British were the Mahdists, followers of the deceased Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi (d. 1885) who was a Sudanese political and religious leader of mixed Arab and African descent. Title from item. Lucky Filipinos: the Philippine-American War. Quarto 377 pages. The Rhodes Colossus - Striding from Cape Town to Cairo Jean Veber,LAssiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. What can an observer infer about the role of native Africans in French colonial conquests from "Conquest and Competition" (Visual Source 18.2)?, 3. This military dimension of the multi-ethnic United Kingdom is often forgotten. Their diverse identities, however, reflect the global reach and ethnic diversity of the British empireand the extent to which England relied on colonial subjects to fight its imperialist wars. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. In the September 28, 1901 issue, artist Jean Veber excoriated the shameful subject of the concentration camps British forces used to weaken Boer resistance in the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902. 14-27 (May-June 1999). A band of tribal defenders, whose leader rides a white charger and wields the flag of Barbarism, fades in the face of Civilizations advance. Source: Library of Congress. Simultaneously, the war against Spain in Cuba and the Caribbean saw the U.S. seizure of Cubas Guantanamo Bay in June, giving the U.S. a naval base retained into the 21st century. [Read Online]. And yet Uncle Sam is always giving money to save the Heathen. Samuel D. Ehrhart,Puck, September 8, 1897. China in Convulsion. In an unprecedented alliance, the second expeditionary force was comprised of (from largest troop size to smallest) Japan, Russia, Great Britain, France, U.S., Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (ISSN 1961-9898). | Print shows Chauncey M. Depew and Robert G. Ingersoll, each in the arms of the other, pointing to quotations attributed to them that justify American imperialist activities 1 print : chromolithograph. The caption, From the Cape to Cairo. Contemporary conflicts are spelled out over dark clouds. 1 print : chromolithograph. Postwar industrialization and the introduction of new commodities such as steel and electricity gradually transformed the agrarian nation. Few new vessels were commissioned until the 1880s when the first battleships were built, U.S.S. Vuitton Travel & Luxury Lifestyle curates the Great North Road tour, a 22-day trek starting in Cape Town, taking guests from one natural and historic wonder to the next, and ending up in Cairo . Blocking its uphill path, the Chinese dragon crawls downhill bearing a Boxer waving a bloody sword and banner reading 400 Million Barbarians. The image puts progress and primitivism on a collision course at the edge of a cliff. No known restrictions on publication. The caption applies the motto united we stand to the Anglo-Saxon brotherhood spreading Western civilization abroad. Co., Puck Bldg. Keppler, U. J. Misery Loves Company: Parallel Colonial Wars (1899-1902). Published in Punch Magazine 28, November 1906. Wilhelm points ahead, where the inhabitants flee. The poem acknowledged the thanklessness of a task rewarded with The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard and sentimentalized the savage wars of peace as self-sacrificial crusades undertaken for the greater good. As the American West was absorbed and the continent consolidated, the mandate of Manifest Destiny shifted from territorial to commercial expansion beyond contiguous borders. The Pigtail Has Got to Go. Louis Dalrymple,Puck, October 19, 1898. In a post-Bismarck era, Germany was a late-comer to the colonial land grab in Africa and the Pacific. Just as a thousand years ago the Huns under their King Attila made a name for themselves, one that even today makes them seem mighty in history and legend, may the name German be affirmed by you in such a way in China that no Chinese will ever again dare to look cross-eyed at a German. Within a barred room, its walls painted blood-red, a cohort of five army officers headed by a sword-wielding Major General Elwell Stephen Otis (1838-1909), military governor of the Philippines, forces a manacled war correspondent to write only approved dispatches. Uncle Sam and John Bull, as fellow soldiers, survey the globe from a parapet. Long-standing personifications and visual symbols for countries were used by cartoonists to dramatize events to suit their message. In his hand, he holds a telegraph wire, which he wanted to build along with the . The banners of both side pronounce fidelity to the golden rule., Boxer banner (Chinese forces flags): Do not do unto others what you would not that others should do unto you. Do those benighted wretches fail to realize what we have accomplished in their islands? He is Chief Correspondent of public radio's Biotech Nation, a commentator on NPR's Morning Edition, and a contributing editor and a columnist for Conde Nast Portfolio. Imperial and Anti-Imperial Constructions of Civilisation: Engagements with Pre-Modern Pasts.Geopolitics, Vol. site.). Barbarie Civilisation. Full caption: It's all a matter of perspective. Jacobs joined the Cape of Good Hope SPCA this week. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (2014). British armies had difficulty stopping mounted Boer commandos spread out over large areas of open terrain. the younger Keppler also contributed cartoons, and became co-owner of the magazine after his father's death, when he changed his name to Joseph Keppler. John Bull, whose portliness stood for prosperity, has joined with Uncle Sam to swallow the globe. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. AHistory of American Magazines. Britain leads the way in this harsh rendering, shouldering the burden of China, India, Egypt, and Soudan. The United States staggers behind carrying grotesque racist caricatures labeled Filipino, Porto Rico, Cuba, Samoa, and Hawaii.. - As a long-established world empire, Great Britain held sway over some 12 million square miles and a quarter of the worlds population. Hevia, James Louis. White man's burden--1900-1910, - Opposing viewpoints usually found expression in simpler but no less powerful black-and-white graphics in other publications. Source: Houghton Library, Harvard University. This unit examines cartoons from the turn-of-the-century visual record that reference civilization and its nemesisbarbarism. The conduct of foreign troops in China was targeted in a searing cartoon by the French artist Thophile Steinlen. The caption reads Think It Overa phrase that also appeared later in Mark Twains To the Person Sitting in Darkness essay. Misery Loves Company;but they hope soon to be out of it. Louis Dalrymple, Puck, March 20, 1901. When the Chinese man raises his sword, it is labeled barbarism, but when the French soldier does precisely the same thing it is a necessary blow for civilization..